Comparative legal systems: Notes and diagrams
Keywords:
Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, Legal Comparison, Contemporary Legal Families, Legal Effects of Globalization, Crisis of Legal Monism, Emergence of Legal Pluralism, Public, Private, Networks, Governance, Transnational Law, Judicial Dialogue, Problems in Legal Comparison, Western Legal Sytems, Roman Law Family, Common Law Family, English Law, English Political Legal System, U. S. Political Legal System, Supranational Legal Family, European Union, European Community integration, Institutions of the European Union, Legal soures of Community law, Community competences and policies, Methodology for legal comparisonSynopsis
Is there only one legal system? Are there different legal ways of solving the same problems? What makes legal systems similar or different? How can a process of legal comparison be carried out? Questions such as these have been asked in recent times to identify the contingent nature of law, issues that have been the subject of legal philosophical analysis, without reaching a final determination to date.
Within this context, it becomes necessary to identify the basic characteristics of the different legal systems; the classification that exists within taxonomic proposals (families, traditions); the way in which the processes of exchange of the legal through harmonization or unification take place; the judicial dialogue, and the incidence that the processes of reception of norms and institutions that are being forged in the international sphere, in other legal systems, have in order to improve their own. Hence the importance of comparative analysis of law and of the different legal systems that exist today.
The subject of Comparative Legal Systems is included in the curriculum of the Law Degree Study Plan (2021) of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes and is taught in the tenth semester. Said document describes Comparative Legal Systems as that "subject of a theoretical and practical nature, which provides knowledge about the basic characteristics of contemporary legal families, with special emphasis on Western legal systems, enabling it in the application of different techniques of legal comparison, to propose innovative legal solutions to common problems".
Thus, these notes are developed through four thematic units and twenty-nine sequential topics. The first unit deals with basic concepts of legal comparison, nature, evolution and classification of contemporary legal systems into large legal families. The second unit studies legal comparison in a context of globalization, analyzing what globalization is and how the change of paradigms has impacted the legal world, as well as some methodological references to be taken into consideration in the comparative process. After analyzing the above, the third unit deals with the historical background, basic characteristics, system of sources and referents of Western legal formants, specifically, the Roman and common law families, and within the latter, the study focuses on English and American law. Finally, in the fourth unit, the process of European Community integration and the emergence of supranational law are presented as evidence of legal and political interaction in the European Union.
The aim of this work is to offer students a manual as basic reference material for the study of comparative legal systems, precisely to meet the general and specific objectives of the subject of study. Due to its essentially didactic nature, the objectives and thematic contents of the units are included, as well as a series of control questions for each topic and information references, as well as unit outlines. Likewise, a compilation of texts, in English or translated into English, that address key topics of the subject is included, so that students can refer to them for further information on comparative law, legal systems and methodology in the comparison. To the extent deemed appropriate, they refer to the citations of the texts in which the study of the topics in exposition can be extended.
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