MIGRATION: Current challenges

Since ancient times, human beings have been in constant transit. Some people move in search of work or economic opportunities, to reunite with their families, or to study. . Others leave to escape conflicts, persecutions, terrorism, large-scale human rights violations or abuses . Some do it due to the adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters, or other environmental factors Currently, the number of people living in a country different from their country of origin is greater than ever. According to the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), as of July 1, 2020, the estimated number of international migrants worldwide was nearly 281 million. .
While people migrate "by their own choice," the majority migrate out of necessity. Among this growing displaced population, there are more than 26 million refugees, nearly half of whom are under 18 years old, and 48 million internally displaced persons, who have been forced to take refuge in other areas within their own country. Behind these figures lie the painful stories of the people and families who have seen their lives shattered by circumstances beyond their control. Stories of pain, but also of resilience. Hunger, extreme poverty, and the growing threat of climate change, combined with violence, conflict, and persecution, have left many people with no choice but to flee.

As observed, at the global and regional levels, migration is a serious problem that violates people's human rights and requires analysis from various perspectives. In this sense, the proposed text Migration. Current Challenges aims to address various topics that provide a current and global overview of the migration phenomenon. It offers a multifaceted overview of the migration phenomenon, addressing the multiple causes that drive people to move, from economic and political factors to the impacts of climate change and armed conflicts. It highlights the magnitude of international migration, with alarming figures of displaced persons and refugees, and underscores the specific vulnerability of groups such as women, children, and unaccompanied adolescents. The text emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and humanitarian approach to migration policies, which respects human rights and addresses both the causes and consequences of migration.
The book provides a detailed analysis through various chapters that examine the protection of migrant rights, the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the challenges of humanitarian aid in migration contexts, the impact of climate change, and specific case studies such as the Venezuelan migration crisis and the situation of unaccompanied minors at the southern border of Mexico.
The Migration Proposal. Current challenges are to offer a deep understanding of contemporary migration, highlighting the importance of international cooperation, the implementation of inclusive policies, and the promotion of resilience and human rights in an increasingly complex and challenging global context.